Biology 20 flashcards ~10 min

Ecology and Ecosystems

About this deck

Ecology is the branch of biology that examines how living organisms interact with one another and with their physical environment. From individual organisms to entire ecosystems, ecological relationships influence the distribution of species, the flow of energy, the cycling of nutrients, and the balance of life on Earth. Understanding these interactions is essential for studying biodiversity, environmental science, and conservation.

This flashcard deck covers the core concepts of ecology and ecosystems, including habitats, niches, populations, biological communities, biodiversity, producers, consumers, decomposers, food chains, food webs, trophic levels, energy flow, symbiotic relationships, and ecological succession. It also explains how ecosystems function, how organisms depend on one another for survival, and why maintaining healthy ecosystems is important for sustaining life.

Designed for students, educators, and lifelong learners, these flashcards present key ecological concepts in a concise question-and-answer format that supports active learning and long-term retention. Whether you are preparing for biology exams, reviewing classroom lessons, or building a strong foundation in ecology, this deck provides an effective way to master the principles of ecosystems, species interactions, and environmental processes.

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Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and with their physical environment.

A habitat is the natural environment where an organism lives.

A niche is the role an organism plays in its ecosystem, including how it obtains resources and interacts with other organisms.

A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.

A biological community consists of all the populations of different species living and interacting in the same area.

Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms within an ecosystem, region, or the entire Earth.

Producers are organisms, such as plants and algae, that make their own food through photosynthesis.

Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by eating other organisms.

Decomposers are organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, that break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients.

A food chain is a sequence that shows how energy passes from one organism to another through feeding relationships.

A food web is a network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem.

A trophic level is the position an organism occupies in a food chain or food web.

Much of the energy is lost as heat during metabolic processes, so only a portion is transferred to the next trophic level.

The Sun is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems.

Symbiosis is a close, long-term relationship between organisms of different species.

Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

Ecological succession is the gradual change in the species composition of an ecosystem over time.

Primary succession begins where no soil exists, while secondary succession occurs after a disturbance where soil remains.

Ecosystems support life by providing habitats, cycling nutrients, maintaining biodiversity, and regulating energy flow.