What is the highest mountain in the world? — Mount Everest — 8,849 m (29,032 ft). Located in the Himalayas on the border of Nepal and Tibet (China). First summited by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay on 29 May 1953.

What are the top 5 highest mountains in the world? — 1. Everest (8,849 m) — Nepal/Tibet. 2. K2 (8,611 m) — Pakistan/China. 3. Kangchenjunga (8,586 m) — Nepal/India. 4. Lhotse (8,516 m) — Nepal/Tibet. 5. Makalu (8,485 m) — Nepal/Tibet. All five are in the Himalayas/Karakoram.

What is the longest river in the world? — Nile River — approximately 6,650 km (4,130 miles). Flows northward through 11 countries in northeast Africa, emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. (Note: Amazon River is close — some studies give it priority.)

What is the largest river by volume (discharge)? — Amazon River — carries ~20% of all freshwater flowing into the world's oceans. Located in South America, flowing through Brazil. Drains the Amazon rainforest basin (~7 million km²).

What are the world's five longest rivers? — 1. Nile (6,650 km) — Africa. 2. Amazon (6,400 km) — South America. 3. Yangtze (6,300 km) — Asia (China). 4. Mississippi-Missouri (6,275 km) — North America. 5. Yenisei-Angara (5,539 km) — Asia (Russia).

What is the deepest point in the world's oceans? — Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, western Pacific Ocean — approximately 11,034 m (36,201 ft) deep. Located near Guam. Deepest known point on Earth's surface.

What are the world's five oceans? — Pacific (largest — 165 million km²), Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic — recognized as 5th ocean in 2000), Arctic (smallest). The Pacific Ocean alone covers more area than all land on Earth.

What is the largest lake in the world? — Caspian Sea — 371,000 km² (technically a lake as it is landlocked). If only freshwater lakes: Lake Superior (82,100 km²) in North America. Lake Baikal (Russia) is the world's deepest lake (1,642 m).

What is the Great Rift Valley? — A 6,000 km system of geological rifts running from northern Syria to Mozambique in east Africa. Contains many lakes: Tanganyika (world's 2nd deepest), Malawi, Victoria. Caused by the African and Somali plates diverging.

What are the world's seven continents and their largest countries? — Asia (Russia — partly), Africa (Algeria), North America (Canada), South America (Brazil), Antarctica (no countries), Europe (Russia — partly), Australia/Oceania (Australia).

What is the highest mountain on each continent (Seven Summits)? — Asia: Everest (8,849m). South America: Aconcagua (6,961m). North America: Denali (6,190m). Africa: Kilimanjaro (5,895m). Europe: Elbrus (5,642m). Antarctica: Vinson Massif (4,892m). Australia/Oceania: Puncak Jaya (4,884m) or Kosciuszko (2,228m).

What is the longest mountain range in the world? — The Andes — approximately 7,000 km long, running along the entire western coast of South America through Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.

What is the largest desert in the world? — Antarctic Desert — approximately 14.2 million km². Most people say the Sahara (9.2 million km²) as the largest hot desert. The Sahara is the world's 3rd largest desert overall.

What is the Amazon Basin and why is it significant? — A vast drainage basin (~7 million km²) in South America drained by the Amazon River and its 1,100+ tributaries. Contains the world's largest tropical rainforest. Home to ~10% of all Earth's species.

What are the major mountain ranges of the world? — Himalayas (Asia — highest), Andes (S America — longest), Rockies (N America), Alps (Europe), Appalachians (N America), Urals (Europe-Asia border), Atlas (Africa), Great Dividing Range (Australia), Caucasus (Europe/Asia).

What is the Dead Sea and why is it significant? — A hypersaline lake on the Jordan-Israel border — the lowest point on Earth's surface at ~430 m below sea level. 10× saltier than the ocean — nothing can live in it. Shrinking due to water diversion.

What is the Sahara Desert and how large is it? — The world's largest hot desert — ~9.2 million km² covering most of North Africa. Countries include Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Mali, Niger, Chad, Mauritania. Expanding southward (desertification) into the Sahel.

What is the Pacific Ring of Fire geographically? — A ~40,000 km horseshoe-shaped zone around the Pacific Ocean with 75% of Earth's active volcanoes. Follows the plate boundaries of the Pacific Plate. Includes the Andes, Cascades, Japan, Philippines, and New Zealand.

What are the world's major rivers in Asia? — Yangtze (longest in Asia, 6,300 km), Yellow River/Huang He (China), Mekong (SE Asia), Ganges (India), Indus (Pakistan), Brahmaputra (Tibet/India/Bangladesh), Ob-Irtysh and Yenisei (Russia/Siberia).

What is the Congo River notable for? — The world's deepest river (250+ m in places) and the second largest by discharge. Located in Central Africa. Flows through the Congo Rainforest — the world's second largest tropical rainforest.