Geography
20 flashcards
~10 min
Urban and Economic Geography
Twenty flashcards covering human, urban and economic geography. Includes urbanisation and megacities, settlement hierarchies, classic urban structure models, push/pull migration factors, globalisation and trade, and key indicators for measuring economic develo...
About this deck
Twenty flashcards covering human, urban and economic geography. Includes urbanisation and megacities, settlement hierarchies, classic urban structure models, push/pull migration factors, globalisation and trade, and key indicators for measuring economic development. Suited to A-Level and AP Human Geography.
Ready to test yourself?
Flip through all 20 cards in interactive study mode.
All flashcards
Click any question to reveal the answer.
The increasing proportion of a population living in towns and cities, typically driven by rural-to-urban migration and natural population growth in cities.
An urban area with a population of 10 million or more, such as Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai or Lagos.
The movement of people from large cities to smaller towns or rural areas, often driven by desire for lower cost of living, more space, or remote work.
The ranking of settlements by size and function, from small hamlets and villages up through towns and cities to large conurbations.
The geographic area over which a settlement's services, employment and cultural influence extend and attract people from surrounding areas.
A model describing cities as growing outward in rings from a central business district (CBD), through zones of transition, working-class housing, and better residential and commuter zones.
The commercial core of a city with the highest land values, dominated by retail, offices and high-rise buildings, and typically the most accessible point in the urban transport network.
Push factors drive people away from an origin area (conflict, poverty, drought). Pull factors attract people to a destination (jobs, safety, services).
Urban sprawl — the uncontrolled outward expansion of a city's built-up area into surrounding rural land, often associated with low-density development.
Unplanned, often illegal housing developments, typically lacking secure land tenure and basic services, common on the edges of rapidly growing cities in developing countries.
The process by which a deteriorating urban area is redeveloped and repopulated by wealthier residents, raising property values and often displacing lower-income original residents.
The increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies, cultures and populations, driven by trade, technology, transport and communication.
A company that operates and owns assets in more than one country, often locating different stages of production where costs or conditions are most favourable.
Investment made by a company or individual in business interests located in another country, such as building a factory or acquiring a foreign company.
GDP (Gross Domestic Product): total value of goods/services produced within a country. GNI (Gross National Income): GDP plus net income from abroad.
A composite measure combining life expectancy, education (mean/expected years of schooling) and income (GNI per capita) to rank countries' overall development.
Quantitative indicators are numerical (GDP, literacy rate). Qualitative indicators are descriptive and harder to measure objectively (quality of life, happiness, freedom).
A model describing how birth and death rates change as a country develops, typically moving through stages from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates.
A country that has recently shifted from a primarily agricultural economy to one increasingly dominated by manufacturing and industry, e.g. Brazil, India, or historically South Korea.
A group of countries that agree to reduce or eliminate trade barriers between members, such as the European Union (EU) or ASEAN.