What is DNA? — DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary molecule that stores genetic information in living organisms.
What is a gene? — A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for producing a functional product, usually a protein.
What is a chromosome? — A chromosome is a long DNA molecule associated with proteins that carries many genes.
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA? — Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
Which DNA bases pair together? — Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
What is the shape of a DNA molecule? — A double helix.
What is DNA replication? — DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes an identical copy of itself before cell division.
Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication? — DNA helicase.
What is the purpose of DNA polymerase? — DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding complementary nucleotides.
What is transcription? — Transcription is the process of copying genetic information from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).
What is translation? — Translation is the process in which ribosomes use mRNA to build proteins.
What is mRNA? — Messenger RNA carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What is a nucleotide? — A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
Who is known as the father of genetics? — Gregor Mendel.
What is an allele? — An allele is an alternative form of the same gene.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? — Genotype is an organism's genetic makeup, while phenotype is its observable characteristics.
What is a dominant allele? — A dominant allele is expressed whenever it is present, even if only one copy is inherited.
What is a recessive allele? — A recessive allele is expressed only when two copies are present.
What is a homozygous genotype? — A homozygous genotype contains two identical alleles for a gene.
What is a heterozygous genotype? — A heterozygous genotype contains two different alleles for a gene.
